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This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. >> ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Excellent, thanks a lot f There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. /Height 235 The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Pls visit us again dear reader. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. stream Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Payment Details. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. /Length 3884 This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. 3. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. stream For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. 1. << This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. 2. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. /Resources << - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. (eds. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Hon. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. He rejects the assertion that The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. (Tanzi, 1996). and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. I love this article,very educating and interesting Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. /Filter /FlateDecode w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Best information base for latest information both national and international. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Each state has the same level of self-governance. 2. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. % No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. >> However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Rt. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Adobe d C 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development.