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There are also expressions that are used in American English only, such as most of the slangy utterances mentioned above.[13]. This ungrammatical usage emphasizes the disillusionment Holden feels because almost no one sees the world like he does-he constantly has to reassure him that others would do the same thing or feel the same way. ( http://www.script.com:p.15) from this example is well seen that the author used one of the meanings of the word kid. He is scared of the unknown and cannot handle things that are very complicated. There are two major types of epithets which are; From the point of view of their compositional structure epithets may be divided into: There are another two important types of epithets used in Salingers novel: Inverted epithetis a word syntactically functioning as a headword, but semantically serving as a modifier to a dependent noun. Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. In The Catcher in the Rye, what do Holden and Stradlater fight over? Its a fine book, with interesting racial perspectives and the conflict is about cultural differences. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. . Transposition is required when the English sentence contains a large group of nouns with indefinite article and then it is natural that they, being the center of informative message are placed at the end of the sentence. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? Through the use of lucky symbols their life is changed to what will make them happy. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. Afterwards, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater." He later gets into a fight with Stradlater over a crush . As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. Beyond the notion stressed by the narrowly linguistic approach, that translation involves the transfer of `meaning' contained in one set of language signs through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extra-linguistic criteria also. Salinger probably wanted to establish a temporal perspective and not risk having the reader assume that Holden was writing something like a diary or journal. He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. Hyperbole is a device which is sharpens the readers ability to make a logical assessment of the utterance. He has not published an original work since 1965 and has not been interviewed since 1980. He wrote about Allie'e baseball mitt. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. J. D. Salinger used this epithet in order to make a comparison towards Holdens parents because in the beginning Holden showed to the reader a not positive one but old Spenser as the author describe this man point out to the reader that Holdens parents were good peoples. He had been given an early acceptance to college and was starting the next semester. Salinger uses loneliness also as a means to change in life. Contextual meaning of a word is always effective semantically and stylistically owing to its unexpectedness as well. Salinger portrays all of society to be bad, and for many character's isolation from society is the only way to achieve happiness. . In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. Also after such investigations was pointed out all the types of lexical peculiarities in J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Ray.. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. The stylistic device that was used by the author in the work is the following hyperbole Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. But if you get on the other side, where there aren't any hot-shots, then what's a game about it? how my parents were occupied and all []. The practical chapter will single out examples of translation difficulties from the sourse language English and target language Romanian. Scholars The conclusion is that although such cases of suppression or censure of the ST are not desirable or should never happen, in reality they do exist (and this chapter has offered some examples in point), but the fact that more and more people take interest in such situations may indicate that they may stop occurring in the future. We are lucky to present you. J.D. These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . A criminal profiler may offer an explanation of a suspect's behavior (e.g. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. Identical stylistic devices are used differently in languages; they perform different functions and have different value in stylistic system of their language what actually explains their necessity when transformations in translation occur. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work .Salinger identified closely with his characters, and used techniques such as interior monologue, letters, and extended telephone calls to display his gift for dialogue. All Rights Reserved. Salingers works start out in bad situations. I personally thought the red hunting hat, The Museum of Natural History, and The Ducks in the Central Park Lagoon were the most significant and came up regularly in the novel. If you do, you start missing everybody"? Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered "true slang" if it meets at least two of the following criteria: None of their constituents may be substituted with words of similar meaning. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . In Salingers Catcher in the Rye, Salinger refers greatly in one chapter to ducks in central park. Relationships, intimacy, and sexuality are also recurring motifs relating to the larger theme of alienation. Holden annoys Stradlater by writing the composition about a baseball glove rather than about a room or house, as Stradlater had asked him. Also he tells the reader he's not excited to find out abut this favor and that guys like Stradlater always think people want to do things for them. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. The Romanian version faithfully and accurately kept and rendered Salingers use of intonational stress and italicized words, which represents an important case of gain. Another lexical peculiarity that was used in this writing is one of the types of the interaction of different types of lexical meaning and this type is an interaction of logical and emotive meaning. Because Holden depends on his isolation to preserve his detachment from the world and to maintain a level of self-protection, he often sabotages his own attempts to end his loneliness. Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. Idiomatic and fixed expressions have individual collocational patterns. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. Since The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1940s, many of the slangy expressions in it are probably nowadays considered old fashioned and not used anymore. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. Salinger'sThe Catcher in the Ryehas served as a firestorm for controversy and debate. The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? The reader is intrigued by the dramatic aspect of the quarrel with Stradlater and hardly realizes that he is being cunningly conditioned to believe that Holden is capable of writing "The Catcher in the Rye," a book full of subtle observations about people and about life in general. Finding a good equivalence is an important job which the translator should care about it. In this case the translator will face many difficulties. Holden realizes that society has become bad, and wants no part in this terrible life. Throughout the novel, Holden seems to be excluded from and victimized by the world around him. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1988. They argued that Salinger's concerns represented an entire generation of American youth, frustrated by the phoniness of the world, just like Holden was. Loneliness supposes a change in life for too many characters. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. False friends could be called inter-language synonyms, homonyms and paronyms. Therefore omission and supplementation are frequently combined with other types of grammatical transformations and more frequently with substitution of parts of speech. Romanian version imitates indeed the way teenagers speak nowadays and uses more colorful equivalents and expressions than the first version. And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. Its impossible. Few linguists have endeavored to clearly define what constitutes slang. It is therefore unrealistic to expect to find equivalent idioms and expressions in the target language as a matter of course.[17:p45]. It is important to be aware when an explanation isnota justification. It is clear inthe early chapters, that Holden does not have any real friendsat Pency Prep. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. aldi chip shop curry sauce; 890 mountain home rd, woodside, ca 94062 owner; utica . However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our As you can see the theme of the painfulness of growing up is very prevalent throughout The Catcher In The Rye. The author used in his work epithets in order to make the reader to see easily the true in the navel and to create interest for reading the novel which would capture readers attention quickly and without any questions. There are several reasons for this difficulty. Please wait while we process your payment. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. He also tends to be emotionally distant and uncommunicative. While the young protagonists of Salinger's stories (such as Holden Caulfield) have made him a longtime favorite of high school and university audiences, establishing Salinger as "the spokesman for the goals and values for a generation of youth during the 1950's" (qtd. cookie policy. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. This is a case of leaving something unsaid which is nevertheless understood. In this case, a translator who is not familiar with the idiom in question may easily accept the literal interpretation and miss the play on idiom. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". The hat is eccentric and displays Holdens desires to be diverse from everyone else around him, yet at the same time Holden is very self-conscious about the red hunting hat. Holden relentlessly insults Stradlater, driving him crazy until he punches Holden and bloodies his nose. A lot of literary critics saw in this novel an advance of the crazies Sixties, with rebel and revolutionary young people who didnt understand the fabulous society that adults had build. This novel revolutionised the society of the Fifties; as well as the style of J.D. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. He and his friend Mal Brossard decide to take a bus into Agerstown to see a moviethough Holden hates moviesand Holden convinces Mal to let Ackley go with them. Holden introduced her to Stradlater, because he didn't want to date her himself. As a result, he has isolated himself and fears intimacy. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Holden tells us the symbolic meaning of the museum's displays: they appeal to him because they are frozen and unchanging. In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home too much of his subsequent work. Holden will probably write it because he asks for details about the assignment. Finally, the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. Literary translators can also use the interpretation of other critics, the options of other native speakers of both the SL and the TL, and the help of numerous dictionaries (but this type of support is limited in ideas). Pinned, Holden continues to insult Stradlater, accusing him of thinking he can have sex with anyone he wants. This research paper consist of two chapters. The quote also shows his viepoint on all adults. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. Lexical peculiarities - are the techniques, methods, elements used by the author that are characteristic for the Modernist Period; Translation difficulties are the problem that appear during the process of translation from the cause that the author uses different meaning of the words and some types of translation difficulties that are specific for such process. By the late 1950s, as Salinger became more reclusive and involved in religious study, Hamilton notes that his stories became longer, less plot-driven, and increasingly filled with digression and parenthetical remarks. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. Another important type of translation difficulty that was used by the author in his writing The Catcher in the Rye is abbreviation that is a kind of shortening of the words through cutting one of the part of the word and using the apostroph for joining two words, that is the type which create a lot of problem in the prosses of translation.. Therse exemples of translation difficulties used by the author in his vovel The Catcher in the Ray shows to the reader that the writer tried to combine in his work different features of the period in which he activated that is Modernism and some important features of the previous period which is Realism. Meaning is not some abstract object that is independent of people and culture. This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. He reads Holdens composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that its no wonder Holden is being expelled. In every language a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997, http://books.guardian.co.uk/adaptations/story/0,,1767434,00.html, http://www.levity.com/corduroy/salinger1.htm, http://www.salinger.org/index.php?title=Main_Page. When he calls him a moron, Stradlater warns him to be quiet, but he only . He desires independence because he feels that the world is an inhospitable, ugly place that, he feels, deserves only contempt. Some game. This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and misadventures in New York until some time after these events have occurred. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. Holden's curiosity about where the ducks go during the winter reveals a genuine, more youthful side to his character. In this chapter should be tried to focus mainly on the social and cultural contexts from the USA and Romania, as well as on some linguistic problems raised by Salingers use of highly colloquial and taboo language in The Catcher. Mothers are all slightly insane(Salinger 176), this shows Holdens belief that all adults are in one way or another phony. If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. Concerning the translation of comparison as a stylistic device, the difficulties arise only if the words of English and other languages are various in the semantic structure. How do you know? Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. What is the main message of The Catcher in the Rye. . These elements, in English are: personals, demonstratives, and comparatives. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. This leads to the interpretation that using the same linguistic pattern denotes a more faithful translation. One of the most important translation difficulties is grammatical translation difficulties which is the hardest one in the identification and in the same time which change the structure and the meaning of the words from the source text into target text. Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is `functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning'. An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. As it turns out, Ackley and Brossard have already seen the film, so the trio simply eats some burgers, plays a little pinball, and heads back to Pencey. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, The Catcher in The Rye: Depression Catcher, Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties in the Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger., Holder In The Catcher in the Rye By J. D. Salinger, get custom In this chapter also will be exemplifies that Salingers fiction followed a chronological evolution, that there has been a well defined process of creating certain typical characters and that his characters evolved from the early prototypes in his short stories to the fully developed characters in his mature works, or even disappeared for good from his literary creations in a few cases. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? Modernists shared a common purpose. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. The conclusion is that there have been some similarities between Salingers private life and some of the events in his works, but not enough to entitle anyone to think that his fiction is autobiographical. As he demonstrates at the Museum of Natural History, Holden likes the world to be silent and frozen, predictable and unchanging. Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. Indeed, they force us to look for a set of somehow Romanian equivalent expressions or structures in order to capture all these elements in our own translation. In The Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering. Salinger uses symbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. This quote shows that Holden wants to protect kids. Lodge suggests that Salingerunbeknownst to his critics - was playing a kind of Shandean game. Offering a bold alternative to the famously critical 1961 review of Franny and Zooey in which John Updike concedes that Salingers fiction matches the tint and shape of present American life, but insists that it pays the price. [11:p 65]. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. There are five quotations that are used by the author in his novel The Catcher in the Ray: Game, my ass. Subscribe now. International words are words that are used in a wide range of languages in one or several forms. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Another problem is the transferred qualifier, or an epithet syntactically joined to a word to which it does not belong logically. Holden is scared of growing up, and also scared of the unknown. Holden cannot get a moment alone; Ackley continues to barge in with his made-up sex stories, and when Holden writes the very personal composition about his brother Allie, Stradlater criticizes it and then taunts Holden about Jane. In fact, Holdens reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. harmony in order to life, The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Holden finally gets him to leave by beginning to work on the English assignment for Stradlater. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary; http://lobeckta.tripod.com/carnavaldebinche/id7.html; Roderick A. Jacobs, English Syntax, A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press 1995; Salinger J. D. , The Catcher in the Ray, Penguin Book/Group 1958; Thesaurus of American Slang. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. His catcher in the rye fantasy reflects his innocence, his belief in pure, uncorrupted youth, and his desire to protect that spirit; on the other hand, it represents his extreme disconnection from reality and his naive view of the world. Statements which are justifications of some action take the form of arguments. Alex Gross, The Theories of Translation. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST. American characteristic of the languages ability to adapt nouns into adjectives and nouns into adverbs (usually by adding a letter), which is, unfortunately, not possible in Romanian and thus the translators had to find suitable translation adaptation methods since our languages grammatical patterns do not allow similar adaptations. This is a shift from an epistemological aesthetic to an ontological aesthetic or, in simpler terms, a shift from a knowledge-based aesthetic to a being-based aesthetic. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. Historical Context Essay: Mental Health in the Mid-Twentieth Century, Literary Context Essay: Vernacular Language & The Catcher in the Rye. Ionescus translation has also accomplished its aim by the fact that it addresses young people and it uses 80-90% of their typical language, with very few exceptions (most likely limited by the social and cultural constraints of our modern society). But the main of them, as it has been mentioned before is the difference in the structure of the English and Romanian languages. He had lost his athletic scholarship and could not afford tuition. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. Do you know why Holden agrees with Stradlaters demand to write for him a composition? After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. Experience, he asserts, is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and each separate structure represents a separate reality: No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. When his parents return home, Holden slips out and visits his former and much-admired English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall". . Romanian translation has the tendency to skip certain short passages or expressions of the ST in order to adapt them to the TT and Romanian style presented examples in point. E.G. In the end, The Catcher in the Rye will continue to be a point of great public and critical debate. Separation of meanings and senses from the context, Despairing individual behaviors in the face of an unmanageable future, Objection of the traditional thoughts and the traditional moralities. The Catcher in the Rye and J. D. Salinger were very popular among young people because his rich and fresh vocabulary, full of slangs, connected with the teenagers; in the Fifties, there were a lot of articles about The Catcher Cult. He is best known for his book, Catcher in the Rye, a book about a seventeen-year-old teenager, struggling through his teenager years, falling into a depression and trying to understand the real world. In his definition of translation equivalence, Popovic distinguished four types: Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level. .(J. D. Salinger: p. 18) with the translation into Romanian like Ackley, pu?iule? Jargon, like many examples of slang, may be used to exclude nongroup members from the conversation, but in general has the function of allowing its users to talk precisely about technical issues in a given field. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. Language, then, is the heart within the bodies of culture, and it is the interaction between the two that results in the continuation of life-energy. The pressure of adolescent sexualityan important theme throughout The Catcher in the Rye makes itself felt here for the first time: Holden's greatest worry is that Stradlater will make sexual advances toward Jane.